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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. <t>AAV2</t> encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).
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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. <t>AAV2</t> encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).
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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. <t>AAV2</t> encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).
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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. <t>AAV2</t> encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).
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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. <t>AAV2</t> encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).
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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. <t>AAV2</t> encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).
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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. <t>AAV2</t> encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).
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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. <t>AAV2</t> encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).
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( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. AAV2 encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Functional synaptic connectivity of engrafted spinal cord neurons with locomotor circuitry in the injured spinal cord

doi: 10.1101/2025.04.05.644402

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Experimental strategy for monosynaptic rabies tracing. AAV2 encoding Cre-dependent rabies helper components was injected into ventral horns of the L3-L5 spinal cord of adult ChAT-cre mice. Three weeks later, a contusion injury was administered at spinal level T12; 1 week after injury, GFP + NPCs were transplanted at the lesion site; 8 weeks after transplantation, G-deleted, EnvA SAD-b19 rabies-mCherry (RABV) was injected into the L3-L5 spinal cord, and mice were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The same subjects also underwent open field locomotor (Basso Mouse Scale) testing throughout the duration of the study, until immediately prior to virus injection. ( b, c ) Images of RABV expression in the L4 spinal cord of uninjured ChAT-cre mice. Arrowheads show colocalization of RABV with rabies helper components (GTB) in ( b ) NeuN + neuron and ( c ) ChAT + motor neuron. ( d ) Image of GFP + NPC graft with RABV + neurons (red). The graft (g) /host (h) boundary is shown with dotted lines. Arrowhead in d’ indicates one example of a RABV + /NeuN + graft cell. Panel d” shows graft without GFP immunofluorescence. Rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) directions are indicated with arrows. ( e-g ) High-magnification images of RABV + graft neurons expressing ( e ) CaMKII, ( f ) ChAT, or ( g ) GAD65/67 (arrowheads). ( h ) Quantification of the density of graft RABV + neurons that express CaMKII, ChAT, or GAD65/67; the total density of RABV + graft neurons per subject is shown for n=22 subjects. ( i ) Correlation of graft volume vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=22 subjects. ( j ) Correlation of the total number of graft axons extending to 1500 μm caudal to the graft/host border vs. the density of RABV + neurons in the graft for n=21 subjects (one subject was excluded from axon quantification analysis due to poor tissue quality). ( k ) Example image of graft axon outgrowth at 1 mm caudal to the graft/host border. ( l ) Quantification of total graft axon outgrowth at 250-μm intervals rostral and caudal to the graft/host border for n=29 subjects. ( m ) Basso Mouse Scale scores for 41 mice (n=16 SCI + vehicle; n=25 SCI + NPC graft) up to 8 weeks post-injury. All data are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 100 μm ( b, c, d, k ), 10 μm ( e, f, g ).

Article Snippet: A subset of animals ( ) received injections of AAV-SynTag (AAV2-phSyn1(S)-FLEX-tdTomato-T2A-SynpEGFP-WPRE at 10 11 -10 12 gc/mL; Addgene #51509) into NPC grafts.

Techniques: Injection, Transplantation Assay, Virus, Expressing, Immunofluorescence